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Change in the incidence of stillbirth and preterm delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic

JAMA Jul 15, 2020

Khalil A, von Dadelszen P, Draycott T, et al. - Researchers examined pregnancy outcomes at St George’s University Hospital, London in 2 epochs [from October 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020 (preceding the first reported UK cases of COVID-19), and from February 1, 2020, to June 14, 2020] in order to determine the change in stillbirth and preterm delivery rates during the pandemic. Observations revealed an increase in the stillbirth rate during the pandemic. There is possibility of a direct consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although women with COVID-19 had none of the stillbirths in the pandemic period, surveillance studies in pregnant women inscribed that as much as 90% of SARS-CoV-2–positive cases were asymptomatic. Moreover, until recently, testing was limited to symptomatic individuals requiring hospitalization in UK. Alternatively, the stillbirths may have increased because of indirect effects such as reluctance to visit hospital when required (eg, with reduced fetal movements), fear of contracting infection, or not wanting to add to the National Health Service burden. There may be a role of modifications in obstetric services secondary to staff shortages or reduced antenatal visits, ultrasound scans, and/or screening. Although the populations in the 2 periods differed, the lower proportion of nulliparous and hypertensive women during the pandemic period would have been expected to be linked with a lower rather than higher risk of stillbirth. However, underdiagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy may have been reported during the pandemic due to fewer face-to-face antenatal visits among the women. Other possible explanations provided are change in referral patterns with more high-risk women referred to St George’s Hospital or chance due to the short time frame of the study.

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