Brandi G, et al. - In this prospective trial performed in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU), researchers studied the impacts of moderate short-term hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia (HV) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). For this purpose, they performed concomitant monitoring of cerebral metabolism, brain tissue oxygen tension (PbrO₂), and cerebral hemodynamics with transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD). Participants were patients older than 18 years of age, having nonpenetrating TBI and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score < 9 at presentation and with intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, PbrO₂, and/or microdialysis (MD) probes during ICU admission within 36 h after injury. They noted a potent impact of moderate short-term hyperventilation on the cerebral blood flow, as demonstrated by TCCD. A concomitant ICP attenuation was also noted. No pathological changes of brain metabolites and oxygenation were seen in relation to this degree of hyperventilation under the specific conditions.