Kragholm K, Hansen CM, Dupre ME, et al. - Researchers sought to determine overall and temporal disparities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) care and outcomes by urban vs non-urban setting separately for North Carolina (NC) and Washington State (WA) during HeartRescue initiatives. In addition, they investigated correlations of urban/non-urban settings with outcome by state. They identified OHCAs of presumed cardiac etiology from counties with complete registry enrollment in NC during 2010-2014 (catchment population = 3,143,809) and WA during 2011-2014 (catchment population = 3,653,506). Of these, 7,731 NC cases (78.9% urban) and 4,472 WA cases (85.8% urban) were included. During HeartRescue initiatives, they observed an increase in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from 36.9% (2010) to 50.3% (2014) in NC non-urban areas vs 58.2% (2011) to 69.2% (2014) in WA; and from 39.3% to 51.1% in NC urban areas vs 52.4% to 61.8% in WA. Findings revealed association of bystander and first-responder interventions and direct PCI-hospital transport with improved outcomes, including in non-urban areas.