Olaniran KO, et al. - In this two-center retrospective cohort study, researchers assessed cardiovascular risk in relation to the presence of sickle cell trait (SCT) in the African American chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, as well as the impact of interaction between SCT and sex on cardiovascular risk. These subjects were followed-up for at least 1 year. At baseline, SCT patients and the reference patients (African American CKD patients without SCT) were matched for age, sex, comorbidities, and proteinuria. This study included 621 African American CKD patients, 217 SCT patients, and 404 reference patients, with mean age 56 ± 13 years, 66% being females, and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 69 ± 30 mL/min. In African American males with CKD, findings revealed an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) in association with SCT. In addition, they noted that the excess risk in males with SCT seems to follow the same pattern as risk in males with sickle cell disease (SCD).