Fong R, et al. - Researchers investigated if caffeine accelerates emergence from anesthesia in humans via a single-center, randomized, double-blind crossover study with eight healthy males. Each patient was anesthetized twice with 1.2% isoflurane for 1 hour and then administered an IV infusion of either caffeine citrate (15 mg/kg, equivalent to 7.5 mg/kg of caffeine base) or saline placebo during the final 10 minutes of each session. Outcomes suggest, in healthy males, intravenous caffeine leads to acceleration of emergence from isoflurane anesthesia without any apparent adverse effects. Mean time to emergence with saline was 16.5 ± 3.9 (SD) minutes vs 9.6 ± 5.1 (SD) minutes with caffeine, a difference of 6.9 minutes, which is a 42% reduction.