He Y, et al. - Given the correlation of multidrug resistance with the majority of deaths in patients with ovarian cancer, researchers developed a novel, noninvasive and convenient tool, the 75-gram oral glucose (75gOG)-stimulated CA125 test, to monitor cancer chemoresistance in real time. As per in vitro proof-of-principal experiments, a possible increase in cancer-derived CA125 levels was noted in correlation to synergistic action of post-75gOG glucose and insulin peaks, and a correlation was observed of the increase in CA125 secretion (ΔCA125) with the overactivation of the insulin receptor (IR)-PI3K-Akt axis and increases (ΔIC50s) in cisplatin/taxol IC50s. Correspondingly, they observed an association of post-75gOG CA125 over-release (ie, enhanced ΔCA125) behavior with overexpression of the IR-PI3K-Akt pathway and its downstream components, namely, IR, pAkt, pS6 and GLUT4, in cancer specimens among the enrolled 93 patients. Moreover, as per both pre- and postsurgical 75gOG CA125 tests, CA125 over-release displayed excellent prediction efficacy on the chemoresistance potential of ovarian cancer; notably, the former suggested the need for an optimal debulking surgery, and the latter indicated the use of IR-PI3K-Akt inhibitors. Findings support the independent prognostic significance of both test results for the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the patients.