Gur RE, Moore TM, Rosen AFG, et al. - Researchers sought to determine how an adverse environment, including low socioeconomic status (L-SES) and traumatic stressful events (TSEs), influence psychopathology, neurocognition, and brain parameters in puberty among children and young adults. In the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, a community-based study, participants comprised 9,498 youths aged 8 to 21 years at enrollment with stable health and fluency in English. Participants were racially (5298 European ancestry [55.8%], 3124 African ancestry [32.9%], and 1076 other [11.4%]) and economically diverse. Multimodal neuroimaging was performed on a randomly selected subsample (n = 1,601). The analysis revealed a correlation of L-SES with reduced neurocognitive performance, and a correlation of experiencing a higher number of traumatic stressful events with greater severity of psychiatric symptoms across the psychopathology domains of anxiety/depression, fear, externalizing behavior, and the psychosis spectrum. Structurally, both were noted to be correlated with lower volume, but L-SES had correspondingly lower gray matter density, whereas TSEs were associated with higher gray matter density. Functionally, lower regional cerebral blood flow and coherence and accelerated brain maturation were observed in correlation with both L-SES and TSEs. Findings thereby emphasize the necessity for recognizing and preventing adverse environmental conditions associated with neurodevelopment.