Gallan AJ, et al. - Experts herein attempted to investigate the clinical significance of capsulitis (the presence of lymphocytes between parietal epithelial cells and Bowman capsules) in T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) of the kidney. Subjects with both Banff IA TCMR and capsulitis reported clinical outcomes similar or possibly worse than Banff IB TCMR compared to those with Banff IA and an absence of capsulitis. Therefore, capsulitis was found to be a vital pathologic parameter for the analysis of kidney transplant biopsies, displaying potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications in the setting of TCMR.