Waltman N, Kupzyk KA, Flores LE, et al. - This randomized controlled trial support intake of adequate calcium and vitamin D as well as engagement in bone-loading exercises for postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Increased bone mineral density (BMD), especially at the spine, will be achieved with the additional use of bisphosphonates.

• This study included 276 women with low bone mass, within 6 years of menopause.

• Participants were randomized to either 12 months of (a) calcium and vitamin D supplements (CaD) (control), (b) risedronate + CaD (risedronate), or (c) bone-loading exercises + CaD (exercise) group.

• A group by time interaction was identified for BMD at the spine, suggesting a greater improvement in the risedronate group vs exercise or control groups.

• BMD changes at the spine, hip, and femoral neck, at 12 months vs baseline, were + 1.9%, + 0.9%, and + .09% for risedronate; + 0.2%, + 0.5%, and − 0.4% for exercise group; − 0.7%, + 0.5%, and − 0.5% for controls.

• Alkphase B and Serum Ntx 12-month alterations were − 20.3% and − 19.0% for risedronate, − 6.7% and − 7.0% for exercise, and − 6.3% and − 9.0% for control group.