Saloner R, Grelotti DJ, Tyree G, et al. - Given the reports of using long-term benzodiazepine (BZD) commonly among people living with HIV (PLWH), researchers retrospectively analyzed whether BZD use is associated with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) among PLWH. They performed comprehensive neurobehavioral evaluations in 306 PLWH. They matched 153 BZD− individuals to 153 BZD+ participants on demographics and medical comorbidities using propensity scores. The analysis suggests that risk for NCI in PLWH may possibly increase in correlation to BZD use, potentially through diffuse neurocognitive slowing and acute compromise of recall and higher-order capacities. The influences observed are robust to psychosocial and HIV-specific factors and occur in contrast to a tightly matched BZD− group.