Van de Louw A, Rello J, Martin-Loeches I, et al. - Among immunocompromised patients experiencing acute respiratory failure (ARF), this secondary analysis of a prospective cohort (EFRAIM study) was conducted to determine the features as well as the influence of bacteremia in this patient sample. The blood cultures positive for coagulase negative Staphylococci were excluded, and thereafter, patients with (n = 236) and without (n = 1127) bacteremia were compared. For bacteremia, the estimated incidence was 17%. The main reasons for ARF in bacteremic patients were: bacterial pneumonia and extra-pulmonary ARDS. More hematological cancer, higher SOFA scores as well as increased organ support within 7 days, all were found in bacteremic patients. Experts could not show an influence of bacteremia on mortality following adjustment for baseline features.