Dix DB, Fernandez CV, Chi YY, et al. - Given that adverse outcomes were reported in patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor in correlation with tumor-specific combined loss of heterozygosity of chromosomes 1p and 16q (LOH1p/16q) in National Wilms Tumor Study 5 (NWTS-5), researchers investigated if improved event-free survival (EFS) can be achieved in these patients by augmenting therapy in the AREN0533/AREN0532 studies. Regimen DD4A (vincristine, dactinomycin and doxorubicin) but no radiation therapy was administered to patients with stage I/II disease, and regimen M (vincristine, dactinomycin, and doxorubicin alternating with cyclophosphamide and etoposide) and radiation therapy was administered to patients with stage III/IV disease. Compared with the historical NWTS-5 comparison group, an improved EFS was achieved with therapy augmentation in patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor and LOH1p/16q, with an expected toxicity profile.