Fakler F, Aykutlu U, Brcic L, et al. - This study was sought to evaluate whether and how atypical goblet cell hyperplasia occurs in congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) 1, 2, and 3, and is a probable precursor lesion for childhood adenocarcinoma. Types 1–3 exhibited foci of goblet cell proliferations in nine out of 33 CPAM cases. Researchers examined all cases for proteins possibly being correlated with CPAM development: fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) and receptor 2 (FGFR2), forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) and A2 (FOXA2), MUC protein 5AC (MUC5AC), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (erbB2, HER2/neu), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), SOX2, and Ying Yang protein 1 (YY1). This study's findings demonstrate that oncogenic KRAS mutation appears to be the oncogenic driver already in AGCH, proving its role as a precursor lesion for adenocarcinoma. at the protein level, it might upregulate HER2. In carcinogenesis, YY1 appears to be involved.