Rydén L, et al. - In this investigation, researchers studied the connection between atrial fibrillation and incident dementia, with and without exclusion of people with stroke, and whether sex and genetic factors alter the possible association. As part of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, a population-based sample of 561 individuals (aged 70 years) underwent comprehensive somatic and neuropsychiatric examinations in 2000–2001. The investigators found that people with atrial fibrillation had a nearly threefold increased risk of dementia during the 12-year follow-up, and this risk remained after baseline and follow-up exclusion of people with stroke. They noted a 13% population attributable risk from dementia resulting in atrial fibrillation. Overall, findings supported the need to further explore the relevance of atrial fibrillation as an indicator of subclinical brain vascular risk. Cognitive symptoms should be screened for patients with atrial fibrillation.