Olson NC, Doyle MF, Sitlani CM, et al. - This study was undertaken to determine if the proportions of naive, memory, CD28⁻, Th17, and T regulatory CD4⁺ cells would be correlated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). They also assessed the associations of 28 additional immune cell phenotypes with T2D. Immune cell phenotypes (n = 33) were measured by flow cytometry utilizing cryopreserved cells collected from 1,113 candidates of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) at the baseline examination (2000–2002). For 120 participants, T2D incident was observed. The findings indicate that the frequencies of several subsets of monocytes, innate lymphocytes, and CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in circulating blood are not linked to the potential onset of T2D. Higher levels of CD19⁺CD27⁺ B cells can be correlated with reduced T2D risk.