Zhang J, et al. - Authors in this cross-sectional, case-control study examined aqueous humor samples of 23 pediatric cases with Coats' disease and 6 age-matched control cases with congenital cataract to study the relation of cytokine concentrations in aqueous humor with the severity of retinal vascular abnormalities, exudation, and fibrosis. As compared to the control group, the aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly higher in the Coats’ disease group. The concentration of angiogenin was associated with the severity of retinal capillary abnormalities, and also at the highest level in eyes with first-grade vessels tortuosity. A significant association of concentrations of MCP-1 and VEGF was reported with the extent of retinal exudation. As compared to the non-fibrotic eyes with Coats' disease, the aqueous humor transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) concentrations were higher in eyes with retinal fibrosis.