Xu X, et al. - Researchers examined the associations of adiponectin, leptin, and body composition in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). They assessed body composition (by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) including fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) both at baseline and at year 3. They also measured serum leptin and adiponectin levels and analyzed demographic data, comorbidity, biochemical data, inflammation (high-sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA-IR]). Findings of a 3-year follow-up revealed the utility of a high adiponectin level as a predictor of an increase in the percentage of FM (FM%) and a decrease in the percentage of LBM (LBM%). In addition, an independent mortality prediction could not be achieved by serum adiponectin.