Joseph GB, et al. - A total of 1,785 patients with radiographic Kellgren Lawrence knee grades 0-3 in the right knee were recruited using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort in a study by the researchers in order to discover the cross-sectional and longitudinal correlations of vitamin C and D consumption with magnetic resonance imaging measures of cartilage composition (T2) and joint structure (cartilage, meniscus, and bone marrow). Higher vitamin C intake was correlated with lower average cartilage T2, medial tibia T2, and medial tibia semi-quantitative joint morphology gradings (WORMS). Greater vitamin D consumption was correlated with lower cartilage WORMS sum score and medial femur WORMS score. Significantly fewer worsening of cartilage, meniscus and bone marrow abnormalities were correlated to constant use of vitamin D supplements over 4 years of 400 IU at least once a week. Hence, supplementation with vitamin D over four years was concluded to be correlated with markedly fewer progression of knee joint abnormalities. Future longitudinal randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation are required, given the observational nature of this study.