Lavigne A, Sterrantino AE, Liverani S, et al. - In this small area (ecological) study of the population living in all wards (~ 9,000 people per ward) in the London and Oxford area of England, including 13.6 million persons, experts examined long-term associations between metal components of particulate matter and mortality and lung cancer incidence. In the study period and area, there were CVD deaths (n = 108,478) and respiratory (n = 48,483) and incident cases of lung cancer (n = 24,849). Analysis explicated small, however, not fully consistent adverse relationships between mortality and particulate metal exposures possibly derived from non-tailpipe road traffic emissions (brake and tyre wear), which have formerly been related to rises in inflammatory markers in the blood.