Carlisi CO, Moffitt TE, Knodt AR, et al. - In view of studies with behavioral and neuropsychological tests supporting the developmental taxonomy theory of antisocial behavior, which defines abnormal brain development as a fundamental aspect of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior, researchers sought to assess the association of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior with neurocognitive abnormalities by examining the hypothesis that it is also correlated with brain structure abnormalities. The participants in the Dunedin Study, a population-representative longitudinal birth cohort of 1,037 individuals born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973, in Dunedin, New Zealand, who were resident in the province and who participated in the first assessment at 3 years of age, were assessed at 45 years of age for their structural MRI data. They analyzed data from 672 participants and classified 80 (12%) as having life-course-persistent antisocial behavior, 151 (23%) as having adolescence-limited antisocial behavior, and 441 (66%) as having low antisocial behavior based on informant-reported and self-reported conduct problems from the ages of 7 years to 26 years. Outcomes suggest the presence of an association of differences in brain surface morphometry with life-course-persistent, but not adolescence-limited, antisocial behavior. As such, the analyses lend support to the developmental taxonomy theory of antisocial behavior and highlight the value of employing prospective longitudinal data to distinguish different patterns of antisocial behavior development.