Yatawara C, et al. - In this incident case-control study, researchers assessed if the impact of prestroke and stroke-related lesions on incident poststroke dementia (PSD) was mediated by a unique pattern of domain-specific cognitive impairment, as well as the relative strength of these anatomical-cognitive correlations in forecasting incident PSD. They observed that prestroke lesions were correlated with the widest range of cognitive domain impairments and had stronger clinical utility in predicting incident PSD vs stroke-related lesions. It was noted that periventricular white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were directly linked with incident PSD, however, not mediated by deficits in cognitive domains. An anatomical–cognitive framework that could be applied to stratify subjects at highest risk of PSD and to guide personalized interventions was provided in this analysis.