White EM, et al. - Since the development of self-competence and self-efficacy is important to achieving academic, social, and career success, researchers ascertained if performing chores in early elementary school contributes to later self-competence. Data from 9,971 children partaking in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten 2011 cohort entering kindergarten in the United States from 2010 to 2011 were analyzed in this longitudinal cohort study. Parents reported the frequency at which their child performed chores during kindergarten. Using linear and logistical regressions, adjusting for possible confounders, data were analyzed. Findings suggested an association of performing chores in early elementary school with later development of self-competence, prosocial behavior, and self-efficacy.