Mosing MA, et al. - Researchers conducted a registry-based cohort study to explore potential associations between birth characteristics (weight, head circumference, length, and gestational age), adjusted and not adjusted for gestational age, and cognitive impairment and dementia late in life. For this investigation, they merged data from twins in the Swedish Twin Registry born between January 1, 1926 and December 31, 1960 with information from the Swedish birth, patient, and cause of death registries, resulting in a sample of 35,191 people. Compared to infants with normal growth, infants of smaller birth size (ie, low birth weight or small head circumference adjusted and unadjusted for gestational age) had a significantly higher risk of age-related cognitive dysfunction. The study findings highlighted the importance of closely monitoring the cognitive development of such infants and assessing the potential of early life interventions targeted at enhancing cognitive reserve.