Marshall-Goebel K, Macias BR, Kramer LA, et al. - Researchers intended to determine if there is an association between quantitative changes in intracranial compartment volumes and peripapillary total retinal thickness after spaceflight. This cohort study involved healthy International Space Station crew members before and immediately after long-duration spaceflight. The study's finding of a weak relationship between spaceflight-induced changes in lateral ventricle volume and total retinal thickness suggests that cerebrospinal fluid redistribution, which likely underlies brain structural changes, does not play a significant role in the development of optic disc edema; ocular changes are likely complex and multifactorial in nature.