Ward DD, Mauschitz MM, Bönniger MM, et al. - In the present study, the researchers quantified the correlation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) volume with cognitive functioning and examined how demographic and vascular health factors influence such connections in a population-based sample of adults. The sample involved the first 3,000 candidates (age range 30–95 years) of the Rhineland Study (recruited from March 2016 to December 2018) who had spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and cognitive assessment at 1 of 2 identical study centers in Bonn, Germany.  The analytical sample involved 2,483 candidates who were 54.3 years old (SD 13.8 years) on average. According to findings, mGCL volume is more closely related to adult cognitive functioning than pRNFL thickness, which makes it a stronger potential neurodegeneration biomarker. Age and vascular health factors play an important role in determining that association's strength and direction.