Jebeile H, et al. - Researchers examined how obesity treatment with a dietary component affects depression and anxiety in overweight/obese pediatric patients. Via searching MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO, they identified 44 studies for inclusion; these studies represent a combined sample of 3,702 participants (age range: 5.6 to 16.6 years) with intervention duration of 2 weeks to 15 months. Findings revealed a reduction in symptoms of depression and anxiety at postintervention and follow-up. A larger reduction in anxiety was reported in correlation to interventions of longer duration, and a larger reduction in symptoms of depression was reported in studies including participants with a higher baseline BMI z score. Structured, professionally run pediatric obesity treatment was not correlated with an increased risk of depression or anxiety over a 16-month follow-up, but may result in a mild reduction in symptoms.