Siontis KC, Gersh BJ, Weston SA, et al. - In this retrospective cohort study, researchers explored the correlation of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to no AF following noncardiac surgery with risk of nonfatal and fatal outcomes. Four hundred fifty-two patients with a median age of 75 years (IQR, 67-82 years; 51.8% men) were matched 1:1 on age, gender, year of surgery, and type of surgery with patients who had noncardiac surgery and were not diagnosed with AF within 30 days after surgery (no AF). The hazard ratio for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack for patients with with postoperative AF was 2.69, which was statistically significant in comparison vs those without postoperative AF. New-onset postoperative AF compared with no AF was linked to a significantly increased risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. However, the implications of these results for postoperative AF management, such as the need for anticoagulation therapy, need to be examined in randomized trials.