Sacchi C, Marino C, Nosarti C, et al. - Researchers conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate cognitive outcomes of preterm and term-born children who had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and were small for gestational age (SGA) vs children who were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) during the first 12 years of life. They searched the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, PsycInfo, and ERIC databases for English-language, peer-reviewed literature published between January 1, 2000, and February 20, 2020. In this study of 89 samples from 60 studies including 52,822 children (aged 1-12 years), children who had IUGR and were SGA had significantly poorer cognitive outcomes (eg, cognitive scores and BII) compared with children with AGA in childhood. Growth vulnerabilities evaluated antenatally (IUGR) and at the time of birth (SGA) were significantly linked to lower childhood cognitive outcomes in preterm and term-born children vs children with AGA. Such results underline the need to establish strategies in these high-risk groups to improve cognitive functions.