Chen F, Gan Y, Li Y, et al. - Researchers conducted this pilot study to describe the alteration of gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on species-level resolution and assess the association with the occurrence of GDM. In total, 58 stool samples were obtained from 30 women with GDM and 28 healthy pregnant women. At the genus and species level, there were 54 and 141 differentially abundant taxa between GDM and control group, respectively. Among GDM patients, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was found to be inversely related to fasting glucose, whereas certain species (eg, Aureimonas altamirensis, Kosakonia cowanii) were found to be positively related to fasting glucose. This study suggests that there are a large number of differentially abundant taxa at the genus and species levels between GDM and the control group. Some of these taxa were found to be related to blood glucose levels, suggesting that they could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets for probiotics or synbiotics.