Madhavan M, et al. - Given that both therapy and outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) may be influenced by the incidence of cognitive impairment and frailty, researchers determined the prevalence of clinically acknowledged cognitive impairment and frailty in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Care in AF. They also studied the outcomes in relation to the interaction between cognitive impairment and frailty and oral anticoagulation (OAC). Included were 9,749 patients with AF; among those, 293 (3.0%) and 575 (5.9%) were found to have cognitive impairment and frailty, respectively. A higher predicted risk for stroke and higher observed mortality were reported among subjects who had cognitive impairment or frailty in AF; however, OAC treatment was less likely to be assigned to these subjects. Patients with and without cognitive impairment or frailty had similar advantages of OAC.