Mitra P, et al. - Via a case-control study was conducted with 152 calcium urolithiasis patients and 144 corresponding healthy controls, researchers examined the potential contribution of TRPV5 gene polymorphisms with calcium urolithiasis in the population of West Bengal, India. Urinary calcium excretion was observed to be significantly high in urolithiasis patients vs controls. A total of 14 SNPs were obtained of which one non-synonymous, one synonymous and three intronic SNPs were discovered to be significantly correlated with enhanced risk of urolithiasis. For non-synonymous SNP rs4236480, ‘A’ was determined to be the risk allele and genotype frequency analysis exhibited that individuals carrying variant genotype AA were more inclined to the disease in comparison with individuals with wild genotype GG, indicating AA as the risk genotype. Thus, the non-synonymous SNP rs4236480 exhibited an important relationship with urolithiasis risk in the West Bengal population of India.