Tidblad A, Bottai M, Kieler H, et al. - In this nationwide population-based cohort study involving 53,444 people (3,408 patients and 50,036 controls; 67.7% men; mean [SD] age at study end, 25.1 [8.2] years), researchers sought to examine the long-term risk of overall and severe cardiovascular events in patients previously treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in childhood and if there is an association with treatment duration or dose. Participants in the study were patients treated with rhGH during childhood from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 2010, in Sweden, with follow-up through December 31, 2014. The higher risk of overall cardiovascular disease was associated with longer duration of rhGH treatment and total cumulative dose. For severe cardiovascular disease, the adjusted hazard ratio was 2.27. In this cohort study, treatment with rhGH during childhood due to growth hormone deficiency, small for gestational age, or idiopathic short stature was linked to increased risks of cardiovascular events in early adulthood, especially in women, but the findings of causality are still limited and the absolute risk remains low.