Rasouli N, Younes N, Utzschneider KM, et al. - In the present study, the researchers sought to examine gender and racial differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) and the correlations with selected phenotypic features. This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 3,108 GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study) candidates. All patients had type 2 diabetes diagnosed < 10 years of age and had metformin monotherapy. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were assessed utilizing the HOMA of insulin sensitivity and estimates from oral glucose tolerance tests, including the Matsuda Index, insulinogenic index, C-peptide index, and oral disposition index (DI). Women had higher DI but equal insulin sensitivity compared with men. In the GRADE cohort, β-cell function varied by gender and race and was correlated with the concurrent level of HbA_1c. Among the races, HbA_1c also varied, but not gender. Multiple measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity were correlated with age, BMI, and TG/HDL-C.