Fan X, et al. – The correlation between arteriosclerosis (ARS) and/or atherosclerosis (ATS) with hypertensive target organ damage (TOD) was scrutinized in this paper. Among hypertensive TOD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD)prominently correlated with ATS but not with ARS, in the community–dwelling elderly Chinese. The proportion of patients with LVDD did not vary notably regardless of the presence of both ATS and ARS when compared to patients with ATS alone.