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Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality in Finnish male smokers of the ATBC study

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention May 09, 2018

Lai GY, et al. - The links between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations and liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease (CLD) mortality were evaluated. Vitamin D may confer protection against liver cancer and CLD, although the importance of the liver for vitamin D metabolism and the lack of information regarding underlying liver disease makes reverse causality a concern.

Methods

  • Within the ATBC Study, researchers measured 25(OH)D in baseline serum of 202 incident liver cancer cases and 225 CLD deaths that occurred during nearly 25 years of follow-up, and 427 controls.
  • They used unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  • They assessed pre-determined clinically defined cut-points, and season-specific and season-standardized quartiles.

Results

  • In models adjusted for age and date of blood draw, low serum 25(OH)D concentrations were related to higher risk of liver cancer (<25 nmol/L vs ≥50 nmol/L: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.22-3.20; p-trend across categories=0.003) and CLD mortality (1.93, 1.23-3.03; p-trend=0.006).
  • Researchers noted that the link continued to be statistically significant for liver cancer (1.91, 1.16-3.15, p-trend=0.008), but was somewhat weakened for CLD mortality (1.67, 1.02-2.75; p-trend=0.05), after additional adjustment for BMI, diabetes, smoking, and other potential confounders.
  • Similar links were found for analyses using season-specific and season-standardized quartiles, and after excluding participants with diabetes, or hepatitis B or C.
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