Mellor DD, Georgousopoulou EN, D'Cunha NM, et al. - Given a causal association between low HDL cholesterol and T2D has been indicated in Mendelian randomization studies, but no complete inquiry has been performed in a prospective cohort to determine the impacts of gender, polymorphisms, and lifestyle (all known to influence HDL cholesterol), therefore, researchers explored this topic by analyzing males (18–87 years old) and females (18–89 years old) recruited in the ATTICA study, with a 10-year follow-up of 1,485 participants. During follow-up, the development of T2D was reported in 12.9% of the study sample. According to the findings, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) was found to be related to reduced T2D risk and triglycerides/ApoA1 and apolipoprotein B/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were related to a heightened risk of T2D, only in men. Findings also revealed an effect of ApoA1 polymorphism, which was identified to be related to lower HDL cholesterol, on the predictive impacts of HOMA-IR on T2D incidence, which seemed to be moderated by physical activity, this is indicative of the potential scope for more targeted preventative approaches.