Stanford RH, et al. - In this retrospective cohort study, researchers explored chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related healthcare costs, adherence, and exacerbations in COPD patients initiating treatment with fluticasone furoate/vilanterol 100/25 (FF/VI) or budesonide/formoterol 160/4.5 (BUD/F) using a large managed care database in the US. All inclusion and exclusion criteria were met by a total of 18,652 subjects with 5,044 initiating FF/VI and 13,608 initiating BUD/F. Patients initiating once-daily FF/VI displayed higher adherence and showed a lower risk of subsequent COPD-related exacerbations when compared to those who initiated twice-daily BUD/F, but did not showed a significant difference in costs.