Hillier RJ, et al. - For the management of diabetic macular edema (DME), researchers sought to investigate aqueous humor cytokine level changes in response to intravitreal ranibizumab therapy. They also analyzed the relationship between baseline aqueous levels and anatomic response. In DME, a favorable anatomic response to ranibizumab was seen to be related to the elevated aqueous intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels at baseline, although a direct correlation between anatomic and visual acuity response was not always noted.