Nguyen LH, Örtqvist AK, Cao Y, et al. - In a large, population-based study, researchers explored the connection between antibiotic therapy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). People living in Sweden 16 years of age or older with a diagnosis of IBD based on histology and at least one diagnosis code for IBD or its subtypes (ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease) were identified. They included 23,982 new patients with IBD (15,951 ulcerative colitis, 7,898 Crohn disease, 133 unclassified IBD) who were diagnosed between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016 in this study, along with 117,827 matched controls and 28,732 siblings. Adjusted odds ratio in patients who had used antibiotics compared with those who had never used antibiotics was 1.88 for diagnosis of incident IBD, 1.74 for ulcerative colitis, and 2.27 for Crohn disease, after adjusting for several risk factors. Higher estimates were seen with broad-spectrum antibiotics. A greater risk of new-onset IBD and its subtypes was seen with higher cumulative exposure to systemic antibiotic therapy, especially those with a wider spectrum of microbial coverage, according to this prospective case-control study. When predisposed siblings were used as reference controls, the link between antimicrobial treatment and IBD did not change. Though longer-term prospective studies in humans or mechanistic preclinical investigations are needed, the need to highlight antibiotic stewardship lower the rise in dysbiosis-related chronic diseases, including IBD are maintained by these results.