Cicinelli E, Resta L, Loizzi V, et al. - Via performing a retrospective, nonconcurrent case-control study, researchers sought to report on the infectious nature of chronic endometritis (CE) in an inductive way by comparing the outcomes of germ-oriented antibiotic therapy vs no treatment in women with CE. They herein assessed 64 consecutive women with CE who underwent antibiotic therapy (Group A) and compared them with a historical group of 64 patients with CE who refused antibiotic therapy (Group B). Diagnosis of CE was made through hysteroscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry for CD138. Group A had a significantly higher cure rate of CE after 1 cycle of antibiotics than that of Group B (32.25% vs 6%). Similarly, considerably higher cumulative cure rate was observed in Group A vs Group B (81.3% vs 6%). Of notable relevance, all techniques were linked with significantly decreased number of positive cases between the first and second evaluation, whereas at the third evaluation, there was a statistical reduction only with hysteroscopy and CD138+ cell count but not with histology. They observed a significantly higher cumulative number of cases of CE diagnosed at hysteroscopy than histology and immunohistochemistry. Overall outcomes suggest that antibiotic therapy is superior to no treatment for CE cure.