Kinloch AJ, et al. - This study seeks to determine the correlation between anti-vimentin antibody (AVA) isotypes, other autoantibodies, and response to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the presence or absence of rituximab. Researchers conducted translational research Initiative in the department of medicine cross-sectional cohort including a total of 99 lupus patients in evaluating IgG-, IgA- and IgM- AVAs, lupus-associated and rheumatoid arthritis-associated antibodies, and hierarchically clustered. They further analysed serum from baseline, 26 and 52 weeks from 132 lupus nephritis assessment with rituximab trial enrolled lupus nephritis patients and compared with renal function up to week 78. Compared with other commonly measured autoantibody specificities, AVAs, particularly IgG AVAs, are unique in distribution and response to therapy. Moreover, high-titer IgG AVAs distinguish lupus nephritis individuals resistant to conventional therapies. These findings imply that AVAs represent an independent class of prognostic autoantibodies.