Peters HE, Laeven CHC, Trimbos CJMA, et al. - Via performing a case-control study, researchers examined if markers of prenatal exposure to reproductive hormones are related to Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and endometriosis. They performed enrollment of 172 women in four groups—women with MKRH, women with PCOS, women with endometriosis, and controls (43 in each group). The participants were assessed for anogenital distance, measured from the anus to the anterior clitoral surface (AGDac) and from the anus to the posterior fourchette (AGDaf), and for the digit ratio, assessed using a direct, as well as a computer-assisted graphic measurement to determine the length of the second and fourth digit. In this study, limited evidence was identified for androgen exposure during the development of MRKH. This supports the hypothesis that temporary prenatal exposure to altered gonadal hormone concentrations may have resulted in the uterovaginal agenesis. For endometriosis and PCOS, in support of previous observation, there were correlations for anogenital distance mirroring possible estrogen-based and androgen-based intrauterine origins, respectively.