Kobayashi T, et al. - Researchers performed this retrospective cohort study of 79 HIV-infected patients diagnosed with anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to assess factors that could predict treatment failure following electrocautery ablation, counting human papillomavirus type(s) isolated from index lesions. A positive test for ≥1 human papillomavirus type was reported in 71 out of 79 (90%) patients and eight (10%) had no human papillomavirus detected. Findings suggest that in HIV-infected patients, anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions have a wide variety of human papillomavirus types; individual lesions often have numerous types concomitantly. They noted a frequent occurrence of recurrence of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions following electrocautery ablation; this was not identified to be affected by high-risk human papillomavirus types.