Choi SKY, et al. - Researchers compared 601,299 singleton infants born in Australia to immigrant mothers vs 1.7 million infants born to Australian-born mothers, to determine if maternal country of birth has an impact on infant mortality and morbidity, as well as the categorization of infants as small for gestational age or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA). They also investigated if the risk of adverse results in infants classified as SGA and LGA may be modified by the selection of growth chart. Between 15.4% and 48.1% raised risk for stillbirth, preterm delivery, or low Apgar score was observed in infants of mothers from Africa, Philippines, India, other Asia countries, and the Middle East vs Australian-born infants. The relative risk of perinatal mortality in SGA infants from African-born mothers was 6.1 by the descriptive chart and 17.3 by the prescriptive chart. The relation of LGA infants born to Australian-born mothers with a 10% increased risk of perinatal mortality by the descriptive chart vs a 15% risk reduction by the prescriptive chart was also identified. For affording ethnically suitable and safe maternity care, the growing importance of country-of-birth-specific variations is noted. In immigrant subgroups, significant differences in the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes were evident. Results also described how the selection of growth chart modifies the quantification of risk related to being born SGA or LGA.