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Adult leukemia survival trends in the United States by subtype: A population-based registry study of 370,994 patients diagnosed during 1995-2009

Cancer Oct 25, 2018

Bailey C, et al. - In the current study, researchers sought leukemia survival estimates in the US from 1995 to 2009 according to subtype, sex, geographical area, and race. Analyzing data for 370,994 patients from 43 registries in 37 states and in 6 metropolitan areas, covering approximately 81% of the adult (15-99 years) US population, they identified improved survival from leukemia in US adults during 1995-2009. Access to care may explain some of the geographical differences in survival. Disparities in survival by sex and between black and white patients were noted.

Methods

  • Researchers analyzed data of 370,994 patients from 43 registries in 37 states and in 6 metropolitan areas to determine 5-year net survival.
  • They categorized and subcategorized leukemia according to principal subtype (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphocytic leukemia) and in accordance with the HAEMACARE protocol, respectively.
  • Age-standardized 5-year net survival was analyzed by calendar period (1995-1999, 2000-2004, and 2005-2009), leukemia subtype, sex, race, and US state.

Results

  • Researchers noted an increase in the age-standardized 5-year net survival estimates from 45.0% for patients diagnosed during 1995-1999, to 49.0% for those diagnosed during 2000-2004, and 52.0% for those diagnosed during 2005-2009.
  • Patients diagnosed during 2005-2009 had 5-year survival of 18.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 17.8%-18.6%) for acute myeloid leukemia, 44.0% (95% CI, 43.2%-44.8%) for acute lymphocytic leukemia, and 77.3% (95% CI, 76.9%-77.7%) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  • Successive age groups above 45 to 54 years showed survival decline for nearly all leukemia subtypes.
  • Slightly lower survival was noted for men than women; however, successive calendar periods showed a decline in this discrepancy.
  • White patients displayed substantially higher net survival than black patients in all calendar periods.
  • States and metropolitan areas largely differed in survival.
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