Felip E, Altorki N, Zhou C, et al. - In patients with resected early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), administration of atezolizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy affords a promising treatment strategy.

• This randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase 3 study (IMpower010) included 1280 patients with completely resected stage IB (tumors ≥4 cm) to IIIA NSCLC.

• Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 1,269 patients, of whom 1005 met eligibility for randomization to atezolizumab (n=507) or best supportive care (n=498); 495 in each group underwent treatment.

• Atezolizumab conferred a disease-free survival benefit (HR=0·79), vs best supportive care, post-adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resected stage II–IIIA NSCLC.

• This benefit was very noticeable (HR 0·66) in the subgroup whose tumors expressed PD-L1 on 1% or more of tumor cells.

• No new safety signals were observed.

• In the intention-to-treat population (stage IB–IIIA), the estimated HR for disease-free survival was 0·81.