Palomaki GE, Kalra B, Kumar T, et al. - Researchers examined if the ability of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) to distinguish between women with (cases) and without (controls) polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) improves when a woman’s age and body mass index (BMI) are accounted. They designed an opportunistic case-control dataset of reproductive age women who had been evaluated for PCOS as defined by National Institutes of Health criteria. Serum samples from women were analyzed for relevant analytes at two medical centers in the United States. For AMH results, they computed detection and false-positive rates for PCOS which were expressed as multiples of the median (MoM) both before and after adjustment for the woman’s age and BMI. One hundred sixty eight cases (78%) were at or beyond the 90th centile of controls (2.47 MoM) using unadjusted AMH MoM results. Significantly higher AMH-based detection rates for PCOS were observed when the woman’s age and BMI were accounted; the detection rates had a 10% false-positive rate. Computation of patient-specific PCOS risks could be done.