Uchimura R, Ueda T, Fukazawa R, et al. - Researchers investigated if the Kawasaki disease (KD)-related vasculitis could be suppressed by administration of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vivo. They intravenously delivered ADSCs and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in KD model mice. The mice were sacrificed on day 29 and hearts from mice in each group were dissected, followed by serum collection. The ADSC group vs the PBS group displayed significantly lower mean inflammatory area in coronary arteritis. Significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17, RANTES, INF-γ, and TNF-α, were detected in the ADSC group vs in the PBS group. Moreover, a significantly higher survival rate was noted in the ADSC group vs the PBS group. The anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory functions of ADSCs were revealed, which could afford new cell-based therapeutic strategies for severe KD.