Dakwar E, Levin F, Hart CL, et al. - This pilot study was undertaken to determine if a single subanesthetic infusion of ketamine administered to adults with alcohol dependence and engaged in motivational enhancement therapy influences drinking consequences. Candidates in the study were randomly assigned to a 52-minute intravenous administration of ketamine (0.71 mg/kg, N = 17) or the active control midazolam (0.025 mg/kg, N = 23), provided during the second week of a 5-week outpatient regimen of motivational enhancement therapy. A single ketamine infusion was found in persons with alcohol dependence engaged in motivational enhancement therapy to improve drinking measures. Such preliminary data suggest new directions for alcohol use disorder in integrated pharmacotherapy-behavioral treatments. Infusions were tolerated well, and as a result of adverse events, no participants were removed from study.