Dakwar E, et al. - In cocaine-dependent adults partaking in mindfulness-based relapse prevention, researchers tested the efficacy of a single ketamine infusion in improving treatment outcomes. Researchers administered a 40-minute intravenous infusion of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or midazolam (the control condition) to 55 cocaine-dependent individuals during a 5-day inpatient stay. A 5-week course of mindfulness-based relapse prevention was also started during this period. The ketamine group vs the midazolam group resulted in 48.2% vs 10.7% of individuals, respectively, sustaining abstinence over the last 2 weeks of the trial. Cocaine-dependent adults engaged in mindfulness-based behavioral modification showed improvement in a range of important treatment outcomes on receiving single ketamine infusion. The infusion promoted abstinence, diminished craving, and reduced the risk of relapse.